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            ASP.NET Core 中的SEO优化（4）：自定义视图路径及主题切换 | 
        
        ElderJames&#39; Blog
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        <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#系列回顾"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x56DE;&#x987E;" class="headerlink" title="&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x56DE;&#x987E;"></a>&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x56DE;&#x987E;</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#背景"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#&#x80CC;&#x666F;" class="headerlink" title="&#x80CC;&#x666F;"></a>&#x80CC;&#x666F;</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#原理"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#&#x539F;&#x7406;" class="headerlink" title="&#x539F;&#x7406;"></a>&#x539F;&#x7406;</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#实现"><span class="post-toc-number">4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;" class="headerlink" title="&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;"></a>&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#ASP-NET-MVC-实现"><span class="post-toc-number">4.0.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#ASP-NET-MVC-&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;" class="headerlink" title="ASP.NET MVC &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;"></a>ASP.NET MVC &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#ASP-NET-Core-实现"><span class="post-toc-number">4.0.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#ASP-NET-Core-&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;" class="headerlink" title="ASP.NET Core &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;"></a>ASP.NET Core &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#总结"><span class="post-toc-number">5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text"><a href="#&#x603B;&#x7ED3;" class="headerlink" title="&#x603B;&#x7ED3;"></a>&#x603B;&#x7ED3;</span></a></li></ol>
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        <script src="\assets\js\APlayer.min.js"> </script><h2 id="系列回顾"><a href="#系列回顾" class="headerlink" title="系列回顾"></a>系列回顾</h2><ul>
<li><a href="A-Middleware-Implement-For-Server-Side-Static-Caching-In-AspNetCore.html">《ASP.NET Core 中的SEO优化（1）：中间件实现服务端静态化缓存》</a></li>
<li><a href="A-Middleware-Implement-For-Rendering-Razor-Views-In-AspNetCore.html">《ASP.NET Core 中的SEO优化（2）：中间件中渲染Razor视图》</a></li>
<li><a href="A-Middleware-Implement-For-Customized-Routing-In-AspNetCore.html">《ASP.NET Core 中的SEO优化（3）:自定义路由匹配和生成》</a></li>
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<h2 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="headerlink" title="背景"></a>背景</h2><p>切换主题，是博客、CMS等系统的必备功能，一般来说，有三种切换主题的需求。</p>
<ol>
<li>在管理后台上传主题包，并选择主题</li>
<li>前端自动按照频道、栏目等切换模版</li>
<li>用户在前端切换主题，并记录用户的选择</li>
</ol>
<p>这三种需求，其实核心原理都是一样，就是制定一套主题的目录，切换主题等于切换目录名。主题内的页面模版都是按照一定的规则存放的。</p>
<p>下面是两个主题包的目录示例:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-shell"><code class="language-shell">  .
  ├── theme0
  |   ├── Assets
  |   |   ├── js
  |   |   ├── css
  |   |   └── img
  |   ├── Home
  |   |   ├── Index.cshtml
  |   |   └── About.cshtml
  |   ├── Article
  |   |   ├── Index.cshtml
  |   |   └── Detail.cshtml
  |   └── Shared
  |       ├── Page.cshtml
  |       └──  _Layout.cshtml
  └── theme1
      ├── Assets
      |   ├── js
      |   ├── css
      |   └── img
      ├── Home
      |   ├── Index.cshtml
      |   └── About.cshtml
      ├── Article
      |   ├── Index.cshtml
      |   └── Detail.cshtml
      └── Shared
          ├── Page.cshtml
          └──  _Layout.cshtml
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>  大家一定注意到了，上面每个主题包里都按照传统ASP.NET MVC的约定来划分目录：控制器名为文件夹，操作名为视图文件。其实这里只是方便起见，按照接下来介绍的方法，是可以完全地自定义这个目录划分的。</p>
<h2 id="原理"><a href="#原理" class="headerlink" title="原理"></a>原理</h2><p>当ASP.NET MVC从控制器处理完数据返回视图的时候，ASP.NET MVC会按照默认的多个路径去查找文件，如果文件存在，则使用该文件渲染，如果不存在，则寻找下一个路径，比如默认的路径会有<code>/{Area}/{Controller}/{Action}.cshtml</code>、<code>/{Controller}/{Action}.cshtml</code>、<code>/Shared/{Action}.cshtml</code>等等我们熟悉的约定，那么在查找视图文件时，会安装从左往右的路径去查询，如果都查询不出来，是会报错的。</p>
<p>而如果要做到切换主题文件夹名来切换主题，我们就需要在默认规则上加主题的目录占位符，使的查询时用主题文件夹名来替换占位符，例如<code>/{theme}/{Controller}/{Action}.cshtml</code>、<code>/{theme}/Shared/{Action}.cshtml</code>等等，这样，当查询视图文件时，就能匹配到对应的主题文件夹，并且找到相应的视图了。</p>
<p>总结起来，切换主题功能有两个重点需要我们去实现:</p>
<ol>
<li>在原有规则中加入占位符</li>
<li>每次请求都获取当前的主题名，并改变视图查询路径</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="实现"><a href="#实现" class="headerlink" title="实现"></a>实现</h2><p>最简单的实现，在操作（action）的最后<code>return View(viewPath)</code>时传入视图路径，直接就能指向对应视图，但是，这样做一点都不灵活，而且每个操作都要传路径也是不够简洁，不容易维护，所以我们需要更好的解决方案。</p>
<h4 id="ASP-NET-MVC-实现"><a href="#ASP-NET-MVC-实现" class="headerlink" title="ASP.NET MVC 实现"></a>ASP.NET MVC 实现</h4><p>在ASP.NET MVC时代，我们可通过继承RazorViewEngine类，在基类的<code>ViewLocationFormats</code>和<code>PartialViewLocationFormats</code>两个属性中加入有主题目录名占位符的路径，并重写<code>CreateView</code>、<code>CreatePartialView</code>、<code>FileExists</code>三个方法，使每次请求都能获取最新的主题名，如下面的例子中从路由数据对象中获取主题名：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TemplateViewEngine</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> RazorViewEngine
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">TemplateViewEngine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">base</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        ViewLocationFormats <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/{1}%1/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//默认路径</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/Shared%1/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        PartialViewLocationFormats <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/{1}%1/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//默认路径</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/Shared%1/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token string">"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">override</span> IView <span class="token function">CreatePartialView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ControllerContext controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">string</span> partialPath<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> template <span class="token operator">=</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">base</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreatePartialView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> partialPath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> template<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">override</span> IView <span class="token function">CreateView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ControllerContext controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">string</span> viewPath<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">string</span> masterPath<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> template <span class="token operator">=</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">base</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreateView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> viewPath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> template<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> masterPath<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">override</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token function">FileExists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ControllerContext controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">string</span> virtualPath<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> template <span class="token operator">=</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">base</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FileExists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>controllerContext<span class="token punctuation">,</span> virtualPath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> template<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>事实上，如果是需要实现不同用户不同主题的功能，主题信息可以存储在Session中，还能从<code>controllerContext</code>实例获取<code>Session</code>中存储的主题名。</p>
<p>那么，在ASP.NET Core中如何实现呢？</p>
<h4 id="ASP-NET-Core-实现"><a href="#ASP-NET-Core-实现" class="headerlink" title="ASP.NET Core 实现"></a>ASP.NET Core 实现</h4><p>ASP.NET Core 相比ASP.NET MVC框架，虽然使用上为了开发者平滑过渡，很多约定都相同，但是架构本身是做了翻天覆地的重构和优化，得益于一脉相承的MSDI框架，ASP.NET Core框架实现了组件化，很多功能都通过IoC的方式修改或扩展。例如本文介绍的主题情况功能，就是实现<code>IViewLocationExpander</code>接口来达到扩展配置的目的，而且还比ASP.NET MVC的更加简洁：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TemplateViewLocationExpander</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> IViewLocationExpander
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> IEnumerable<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">ExpandViewLocations</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ViewLocationExpanderContext context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IEnumerable<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token operator">></span> viewLocations<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> template <span class="token operator">=</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"Default"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> locations <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string">"/Views/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> template <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"/{1}/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"/Views/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> template <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"/{0}.cshtml"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"/Views/"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> template <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"/Shared/{0}.cshtml"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> locations<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Union</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>viewLocations<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">PopulateValues</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ViewLocationExpanderContext context<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ActionContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>RouteData<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Values<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"Template"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"Default"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>这个接口里面，<code>PopulateValues</code>方法主要用来获取实时的主题信息，<code>context.ActionContext</code>中除了<code>RouteData</code>可获得实时数据，还有<code>HttpContext</code>实例可获得用户信息，甚至能利用<code>RequestServices</code>实例注入服务。而只有在<code>PopulateValues</code>中修改了<code>context</code>，<code>ExpandViewLocations</code>方法才会从<code>context</code>中获得主题信息，从而达到修改视图查找路径的目的。</p>
<p>当我们实现了<code>IViewLocationExpander</code>接口后，还需要在<code>Startup</code>类的<code>services.AddMvc();</code>下修改MVC的配置:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp">services<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">AddMvc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//配置模版视图路径</span>
services<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token generic-method function">Configure<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>RazorViewEngineOptions<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>options <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    options<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ViewLocationExpanders<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TemplateViewLocationExpander</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><em>PS:这种修改MVC内部配置的方式很有趣，以后有空会研究一番。</em></p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>本文主要介绍了在ASP.NET Core中利用修改视图查询路径实现主题切换的功能，虽然只介绍了核心部分，但是其它部分如管理主题、前端切换等功能，都是很容易实现的，以后我会在我的框架样例中实现，敬请大家关注啦！</p>

        
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<div id="hexo-helper-live2d">
  <canvas id="live2dcanvas" width="150" height="300"></canvas>
</div>
<style>
  #live2dcanvas{
    position: fixed;
    width: 150px;
    height: 300px;
    opacity:0.7;
    right: 0px;
    z-index: 999;
    pointer-events: none;
    bottom: 60px;
  }
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/live2d/device.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
const loadScript = function loadScript(c,b){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";"undefined"!=typeof b&&(a.readyState?a.onreadystatechange=function(){if("loaded"==a.readyState||"complete"==a.readyState)a.onreadystatechange=null,b()}:a.onload=function(){b()});a.src=c;document.body.appendChild(a)};
(function(){
  if((typeof(device) != 'undefined') && (device.mobile())){
    document.getElementById("live2dcanvas").style.width = '75px';
    document.getElementById("live2dcanvas").style.height = '150px';
  }else
    if (typeof(device) === 'undefined') console.error('Cannot find current-device script.');
  loadScript("/live2d/script.js", function(){loadlive2d("live2dcanvas", "/live2d/assets/tororo.model.json", 0.5);});
})();
</script>

            
        </body>
    
</html>
